The study explored the work of community social workers (CSWs) and their motivation and the sustainability of community social work programs in Cambodia. The results from the semistructure interview with 21 CSWs revealed that the work of social workers is in itself is a process of self-development and empowerment. On one hand, the targeted clients, women and children, showed improvement in their situation and mental wellbeing. On the other hand, remarkable changes in self-development and self-empowerment was noticeably evident among CSWs. The personal interest, incentive, and social support played a major role in job motivation while constraints to balance work and livelihood strategies, clients’ problems, limited skills and technical supports, absence of collaborative responses from local authorities, and lack of effective referral system are considered to be the main and indirect barriers to motivation of CSWs. Comprehensive intervention is required for future programs to better assist the work of social workers in the community and to ensure sustainability of social work in the rural community in Cambodia. On top of that, community awareness raising, and a well-structured referral system must be established.